Safety and efficacy of Lucilia cuprina maggots on treating an induced infected wound in Wistar rats.

Infection is one of the main complications that hinder wound healing. Currently, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), are a concern worldwide for both humans and animals. Maggot therapy is re-emerging as an alternative to intractable wounds and may be an option to the traditional antibiotic treatment. Although the species of choice is Lucilia sericata, reports of clinical use have led us to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using Lucilia cuprina larvae on induced infected wounds in Wistar rats. In short, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Group I - saline solution treated; Group II - antibiotic-treated; Group III - treated with larval debridement, and Group IV - without wound and treatment. Skin wounds were induced in groups I, II and III. All treatments were performed once and held for 48 h. Clinical, microbiological, histopathological, hematological, and biochemical analyses were done. Significant wound area contraction was found (>95%) in group III on day 9 compared to day 15 in group II. Complete elimination (0.0 ± 0.0 CFU/mL) of bioburden was achieved after the second treatment (day 6) in both the II and III groups, compared to an increase in Group I (6.51 ± 0.37 CFU/mL). A cleaner wound was also observed in the histopathological evaluation of group III, with adequate collagen formation and re-epithelialization on day 15. Furthermore, larvae increased blood platelet levels after the first treatment. L. cuprina larvae have proven safe and effective in accelerating wound treatment and eliminating MRSA.

Muscular and collagenous cerebellar choristoma in a dog.

This report aims to describe the first case of muscular and collagenous choristoma in a dog. A 10-yr-old female mixed-breed dog presented with lateral recumbence, vocalization, positional vertical nystagmus, divergent strabismus, anisocoria, and status epilepticus. The clinical condition evolved to stupor and ultimately, death. Necropsy revealed a white mass causing an irregular increase in the volume of the cerebellar vermis. In histological analysis, a well circumscribed, unencapsulated mass was observed in the cerebellum, consisting of fibers of striated skeletal muscle and collagen fibers, mostly mineralized. Based on the histopathological and histochemical findings, a diagnosis of muscular and collagenous cerebellar choristoma was made.

Natural Occurring Muscular Sarcocysts in Urban Domestic Cats (Felis catus) Without Sarcocystis-Associated Disease.

PURPOSE: Despite of classically acting as definitive hosts of different Sarcocystis species, domestic cats have been pointed out as possible intermediate hosts of S. neurona and S. felis. Nonetheless, details concerning natural sarcocyst development in cats without Sarcocystis-associated disease are scarce. This study aimed to characterize the natural occurrence of muscular sarcocysts in a random group of cats submitted for necropsy. METHODS: One hundred cats necropsied at a Veterinary Pathology Service were included. Nine different muscular tissues from each cat were sampled for histological analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using multispecies primers for Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. PCR-positive cases were sequenced for genus and species identification. Epidemiologic data was also analyzed. RESULTS: Tissue sarcocysts were identified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from five cats, and S. neurona was the only confirmed species. Multifocal sarcocysts affecting two or more muscles were common among positive cats (4/5). Sarcocysts were identified within vastus lateralis (3/5), intercostal (3/5), subscapular (2/5) and diaphragm (2/5) sections. These cysts were always incidental necropsy findings. All sarcocyst-positive cats were from urban areas, among which two were feral and three were pets. Outdoor access was consistently reported. Two cats were positive for retrovirosis, and treatments with potentially immunosuppressive drugs were never stated. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the natural occurrence of S. neurona muscular sarcocysts in a random group of cats without Sarcocystis-associated disease. These findings reinforce the participation of feral and pet cats from urban areas as natural intermediate hosts of S. neurona.

Leptospira interrogans infection of southern tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla, Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance caused by an obligate aerobic spirochaete that infects a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. Natural hosts are asymptomatic or show moderate signs of the disease. Accidental hosts develop a severe, often lethal, form of the disease. All young southern tamanduas died suddenly at the zoo in the city of João Pessoa, Brazil. The animals were found dead without any noticeable clinical signs. Necropsy revealed extensive haemorrhage in the subcutaneous tissues, kidneys, lungs in addition to the presence of red fluid in the thoracic, abdominal and pericardial cavities. Histopathology of kidneys exhibited acute interstitial nephritis and tubular necrosis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed typical leptospiral wavy forms and aggregates in the lumen of several kidney tubules and lungs. Pathological and molecular investigations confirmed Leptospira interrogans infection. The adult tamanduas did not present with clinical alterations. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first study to report that leptospirosis should be considered as a possible cause of death in tamanduas. This article warns of the risks of anthropization with respect to Leptospira transmission to tamanduas, other animals and humans.

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervical oesophagus in a dog / Carcinoma adenoescamoso do esôfago cervical em um cão

ABSTRACT: A 9-year-old male Shih Tzu dog presented with a mass on the ventral region of the neck and developed ptyalism. Radiographs revealed a radiodense nodule located in the mid-third of the oesophagus compressing the trachea. Preoperative cytology showed large neoplastic cells with abundant vacuolated cytoplasm arranged in clusters. The nodule was removed by oesophagectomy and submitted for histopathology. Microscopically, the oesophageal mass was multilobulated and unencapsulated. It had a mixed cellular growth pattern with areas showing squamous and glandular differentiation. The squamous component of the tumor was formed by solid strands of neoplastic epithelial cells; many neoplastic cells had undergone central keratinization and sometimes formed keratin pearls. The deeper adenocarcinomatous portion of the tumor consisted of tubules filled with slightly basophilic mucinous material. Histological and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of primary adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the esophagus. This is the first report of primary ASC of the cervical oesophagus in a dog.

RESUMO: Um cão Shih Tzu de nove anos de idade apresentou uma massa na região ventral do pescoço e desenvolveu ptialismo. As radiografias revelaram um nódulo radiodenso localizado no terço médio do esôfago que comprimia a traqueia. A citologia pré-operatória mostrou células neoplásicas grandes com citoplasma vacuolizado abundante, dispostas em aglomerados. O nódulo foi removido por esofagectomia e submetido à histopatologia. Microscopicamente, a massa esofágica era multilobulada e não encapsulada. Apresentava um padrão de crescimento celular misto, com áreas mostrando diferenciação escamosa e áreas de diferenciação glandular. O componente escamoso do tumor era formado por filamentos sólidos de células epiteliais neoplásicas; muitas células neoplásicas demonstravam queratinização central e, por vezes, formavam pérolas de queratina. A porção adenocarcinomatosa mais profunda do tumor consistia em túbulos preenchidos com material mucinoso levemente basofílico. O exame histológico e imunohistoquímico confirmaram o diagnóstico de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago. No conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato de carcinoma adenoescamoso primário do esôfago cervical em um cão.

Clinical-epidemiological, anatomic-pathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of renal cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome in 11 German Shepherd dogs / Caracterização clínico-epidemiológica, anátomo-patológica, histoquímica e imuno-histoquímica da síndrome cistadenocarcinoma-dermatofibrose nodular em 11 cães Pastor Alemão

Eleven cases of renal cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma-nodular dermatofibrosis syndrome (RCND) are described in German Shepherd dogs diagnosed from January 1994 to January 2018 at the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory of the "Universidade Federal de Santa Maria" (LPV-UFSM). The study sample was composed of eight male and three female dogs at a ratio of 2.67:1. Age ranged from six to 12 years (mean=8.7 years). The main clinical signs reported in descending order of frequency were multiple cutaneous nodules (nodular dermatofibrosis), dyspnea, anorexia, weight loss, recurrent hematuria, vomiting, and polydipsia. Results demonstrated that it is not always easy to clinically recognize this syndrome, but its peculiar anatomical-pathological characteristics allow safe diagnosis. Histologically, it was possible to detect all phases (cysts, papillary intratubular hyperplasia, and cystadenomas or cystadenocarcinomas) of a possible pathological continuum of the renal lesions. Uterine leiomyomas were observed in only one of the cases. Through histochemical techniques, it was possible to identify the presence of type I collagen in both cutaneous and renal lesions and consider its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of renal cystadenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed partially satisfactory results in the staining of epithelial cells of renal cysts and neoplasms for pan-cytokeratin.(AU)

São descritos 11 casos da síndrome cistadenoma/cistadenocarcinoma-dermatofibrose nodular (CR-DN) em cães Pastor Alemão, diagnosticados entre janeiro de 1994 e janeiro de 2018 no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (LPV-UFSM). Os cães afetados foram oito machos e três fêmeas, estabelecendo-se uma relação de 2,67:1. A idade variou de seis a 12 anos, sendo a média de idade de 8,7 anos. Os principais sinais clínicos relatados foram, em ordem decrescente de frequência, múltiplos nódulos cutâneos (dermatofibrose nodular), dispneia, anorexia, emagrecimento, hematúria recorrente, vômito e polidipsia. Este estudo permitiu estabelecer que o reconhecimento clínico da síndrome nem sempre é fácil, porém suas características anátomo-patológicas peculiares permitem um diagnóstico com segurança. Histologicamente, foi possível detectar todas as fases (cistos, hiperplasia intratubular papilífera, cistadenomas ou cistadenocarcinomas) de um possível continuum patológico das lesões renais. Leiomiomas uterinos foram observados somente em um caso. Através das técnicas histoquímicas foi possível estabelecer que o colágeno tipo I está presente em ambas as lesões, cutâneas e renais, e cogitar seu possível envolvimento na patogênese dos cistadenocarcinomas renais. A técnica de IHQ mostrou resultados parcialmente satisfatórios na imunomarcação das células epiteliais dos cistos e dos neoplasmas renais para pancitoceratina.(AU)

Ultrasonographic, macroscopic and histological characterization of the proximal insertion of the suspensory ligament in Crioulo horses / Caracterização ultrassonográfica, macroscópica e histológica da inserção proximal do ligamento suspensório em cavalos Crioulos

Although ultrasound (US) is a routine diagnostic modality, it still presents limitations for the diagnosis of lesions such as those in the proximal insertion of the suspensory ligament (PISL) because of its composition, which includes muscle fibers and adipose tissue interspersed with the ligament fibers. The objective of the present study was to describe the ultrasonographic, macroscopic and histological aspects of the PISL of thoracic limbs (TL) and pelvic limbs (PL) in Crioulo horses (CH). We selected 34 specimens of TL (right and left) and 10 specimens of PL of horses with a mean age of 5.7 years, from a private clinic or sent to the Department of Veterinary Pathology of UFSM, which died from different causes. The animals had no previous history of lameness in selected limbs associated with PISL injuries. The 34 specimens of PISL of TL were divided into CH (n=25) and Thoroughbred horses (TBH) (n=9), which composed the control group, and 11 specimens of PISL of PL were divided into CH (n=8) and TBH (n=3), which also served as control. The US examination was performed in the PISL using a Sonosite Edge device, 5-10 MHz linear transducer, with cross-sectional and longitudinal palmaromedial and palmarolateral images of the proximal surface of metacarpus III, II and IV (MCIII/MCII/MCIV). In PL, the evaluation was performed four centimeters below the chestnut in the plantaromedial aspect of metatarsus III and II (MTIII/MTII). PISL lobulated shape and size were compared with those of the contralateral limb, as well as the regularity of the palmar bone surface of MC III, II and IV. Subsequently, dissection of the PISL lobes was performed, as well as its macroscopic evaluation, which preceded the histological processing of the samples. In specimens of the CH breed, PISL showed echogenicity varying from peripheral dorsal hyperechogenic zones that merge into echogenic and hypoechogenic zones, where lobulation occurs. In the samples from the TBH group, PISL was also lobulated, but with differences in the echogenicity pattern such as diffuse hypoechogenicity and echogenicity. Macroscopically, CH samples presented a large amount of adipose tissue that corresponds to the dorsal peripheral zone of PISL, which ends in the connective tissue that delimits the ligamentous lobes. On a macroscopic cross-section of PISL, muscle fibers in red are mixed with white ligament fibers in the center of the ligament. This macroscopic finding was not observed in TBH samples, in which muscle fibers overlap ligament fibers throughout the ligament extension and a small amount of fat is present in the dorsal periphery of the ligament. PISL of PL had a triangular shape with echogenicity characteristics very similar to those observed in TL. In ultrasonographic, macroscopic and histological evaluation, PISL samples of TL and PL in CH showed a larger amount of peripheral dorsal adipose tissue, as well as a larger number of merged ligament and muscle fibers compared with those in TBH.(AU)

Embora uma modalidade diagnóstica rotineira, a ultrassonografia ainda possui algumas limitações para o diagnóstico de lesões como as que afetam a inserção proximal do ligamento suspensório (IPLS). Uma dessas limitações é relacionada à composição desse ligamento que inclui fibras musculares e tecido adiposo intercalados entre as fibras ligamentares. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever os aspectos ultrassonográficos (US), macroscópicos e histológicos da IPLS de membros torácicos (MT) e membros pélvicos (MP) de equinos da raça crioulo (CC). Foram selecionados 34 espécimes de MT (direito e esquerdo) e 10 espécimes de MP de equinos com idade média de 5,7 anos, que vieram a óbito por diferentes causas, oriundos de uma clínica privada ou destinados ao Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da UFSM. Não havia histórico prévio de claudicações nos membros selecionados que pudessem estar relacionadas a lesões da IPLS. Os 34 espécimes da IPLS MT foram divididos pela raça CC (n=25) e Puro Sangue Inglês (PSI) (n=9), o qual serviu como grupo controle e, 11 espécimes da IPLS do MP divididos em raça CC (n=8) e PSI (n=3) também como grupo controle. O exame US foi realizado na IPLS com um aparelho Sonosite Edge, transdutor linear de 5-10 MHz, com imagens transversais e longitudinais palmaromedial e palmarolateral da face proximal do metacarpiano (MC) III, II e IV. No MP a avaliação foi realizada quatro centímetros abaixo da castanha no aspecto plantaromedial do metatarsiano III e II (MTIII / MTII). Foram também observadas à forma lobulada da IPLS e o tamanho em comparação ao membro contralateral, bem como a regularidade da superfície óssea palmar do MC III, II, IV. Posteriormente foi realizada a dissecação dos lobos IPLS, bem como a avaliação macroscópica dos mesmos que antecedeu o processamento das amostras para histologia. Em espécimes CC, a IPLS possui uma ecogenicidade que varia de zonas periféricas dorsais hiperecogênicas que se mesclam a zonas ecogênicas e hipoecogênicas onde ocorre a sua lobulação. Nas amostras do grupo PSI, a IPLS também é lobulada, mas com diferenças no padrão de ecogenicidade como, hipoecogenicidade e ecogenicidade difusas. Macroscopicamente, as amostras CC apresentaram uma grande quantidade de tecido adiposo que corresponde à zona periférica dorsal da IPLS, a qual termina no tecido conjuntivo que delimita os lobos ligamentares. Em uma secção transversal macroscópica da IPLS as fibras musculares em vermelho se mesclam as fibras ligamentares brancas no centro do ligamento. Este achado macroscópico não foi observado na raça PSI, onde as fibras musculares intercalam as fibras ligamentares em toda a extensão do ligamento e pequenas quantidades de gordura estão presentes na periferia dorsal do mesmo. A IPLS no MP possui um formato triangular com características de ecogenicidade muito similares as citadas no MT. Na avaliação US, macroscópica e histológica as amostras da IPLS em MT e MP de equinos na raça CC demonstraram uma maior quantidade de tecido adiposo dorsal periférico bem como, uma maior quantidade de fibras musculares e ligamentares mescladas em comparação às amostras PSI.(AU)

Bovine upper alimentary squamous cell carcinoma associated with bracken fern poisoning: Clinical-pathological aspects and etiopathogenesis of 100 cases.

Upper digestive tract (UDT) cancer is rare in cattle, however in Southern Brazil, the UDT squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are relatively common and have been associated with bracken fern consumption and the presence of papillomas. Although a theory of pathogenesis considers bovine papillomavirus type 4 (BPV-4) as a cofactor in the development of these SCCs, some aspects of the etiopathogenesis of this disease need to be more investigated. In fact, detection of BPV-4 in UDT papillomas is scarce in other regions of the world and has not been performed in Brazil. Therefore, this study had two aims: 1) to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of 100 natural cases of SCCs in the UDT of cattle grazing on bracken fern (Pteridium arachnoideum) highly contaminated areas, investigating the associations between these parameters; and 2) to investigate the presence of papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the UDT papillomas (n = 47) from 30 cattle that also had UDT SCCs. There were statistically significant associations between clinical signs and tumor localization in the UDT; between histological grade of differentiation and tumor localization; and a trend towards significant association between histological grade of differentiation and presence of metastases. The average age of cattle with oropharyngeal SCCs was 7.39 years, with statistically significant difference comparing to cattle with esophageal SCCs (8.6 years). No statistical association was observed among other clinical-pathological parameters (growth pattern and primary site of the tumor) analyzed. No BPV DNA was detected in papillomas by PCR. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility that papillomas of the UDT are not necessarily associated with BPV infection.

Rabies outbreak in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Surtos de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

ABSTRACT: This report aimed to describe the clinical, epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of rabies in buffaloes in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Seven out of 41 buffaloes from the same farm became fatally ill; they showed the clinical signs of ataxia, ascending paresis, and paralysis of the limbs. During necropsy, marked hyperemia of the leptomeningeal vessels, and severe distention of the urinary bladder were noted. Histologically, there were indications of nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis with intracytoplasmic and eosinophilic inclusion bodies in the neurons. The fluorescent antibody test was positive for rabies. Viral antigens were also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in sections of the cerebellum. These results allowed for the definitive diagnosis of rabies, which is uncommonly reported in buffaloes.

RESUMO: Este relato objetiva descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um surto de raiva em bubalinos no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Adoeceram e morreram sete de um total de 41 búfalos de uma mesma propriedade, com sinais clínicos de incoordenação motora, paresia ou paralisia ascendentes dos membros. Durante a necropsia, observou-se marcada hiperemia dos vasos das leptomeninges e acentuada distensão da vesícula urinária por urina. Histologicamente havia meningoencefalite e ganglioneurite não supurativas associadas a corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos e eosinofílicos em neurônios. O teste de imunofluorescência direta foi positivo para raiva. O antígeno viral também foi detectado em seções do cerebelo por meio da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). A associação destes resultados permitiu o diagnóstico definitivo de raiva, uma doença pouco relatada em bubalinos.

Chronic liver disease in cattle associated with ingestion of Brachiaria spp. / Doença hepática crônica em bovinos associada com ingestão de Brachiaria spp.

ABSTRACT: One hundred and ninety livers condemned due to chronic disease (fibrosis) were evaluated in a bovine slaughterhouse over 12 months. Hepatic lymph nodes were also examined while still attached to livers. The major macroscopic lesion observed in the livers was moderate to severe atrophy of the left lobe associated with compensatory hypertrophy of the right lobe. Histologically, the main changes corresponded to sites of macroscopic lesions, and fibrosis was observed in all livers, along with bile duct hyperplasia and neovascularization. Masson's trichrome stain highlighted the fibrous connective tissue. Most of the livers analyzed had macrophages with foamy cytoplasm and a peripheral nucleus that infiltrated fibrotic areas. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for macrophages with monoclonal antibody clone MAC 387 revealed that the cytoplasm of the foamy macrophages of the liver and of the hepatic lymph nodes were positively immunostained. These cells are frequently associated to the consumption of grasses of the genus Brachiaria. Although the liver gross lesions described in this study have not been previously reported in animals consuming Brachiaria , the associated changes observed histologically, such as fibrosis and infiltration of foamy macrophages, showed a new form of chronic liver disease probably associated with the consumption of this forage. The IHC technique was important to prove that the foam cells observed are macrophages.

RESUMO: Cento e noventa e dois fígados condenados devido à doença crônica (fibrose) foram avaliados em um abatedouro de bovinos durante 12 meses. Os linfonodos hepáticos, quando ainda estavam ligados aos fígados, também foram examinados. A principal lesão macroscópica observada no fígado foi moderada a acentuada atrofia do lobo esquerdo associada à hipertrofia compensatória do lobo direito. Histologicamente, as principais alterações correspondiam aos locais das lesões macroscópicas, e fibrose foi observada em todos os fígados, juntamente com a hiperplasia de ductos biliares e neovascularização. A coloração de Tricrômico de Masson destacou o tecido conjuntivo fibroso. A maioria dos fígados analisados apresentavam macrófagos com citoplasma espumoso e um núcleo periférico que infiltravam as áreas de fibrose. A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) para macrófagos realizada com o anticorpo monoclonl clone MAC 387 revelou imunomarcação positiva no citoplasma dos macrófagos espumosos do fígado e dos linfonodos hepáticos. Essas células estão frequentemente associadas ao consumo de gramíneas do gênero Brachiaria . Apesar das lesões hepáticas macroscópicas descritas neste trabalho não terem sido previamente relatadas em animais que consomem Brachiaria , as alterações histológicas associadas, como fibrose e infiltração de macrófagos espumosos, mostram uma nova forma crônica de doença hepática provavelmente associada à ingestão desta forragem. A técnica de IHQ foi importante para provar que as células espumosas observadas são macrófagos.

Tratamento de pitiose em égua gestante utilizando perfusão regional intravenosa com anfotericina b e dimetilsulfóxido / Treatment of phytiosis in gestation mare using intravenous regional perfusion of amphotericin b and dimethyl sulfoxide

Pitiose cutânea equina (PCE) é uma enfermidade descrita em todo território brasileiro, no entanto, são escassas as informações quanto ao tratamento e procedimento cirúrgico em éguas gestantes. Descreve-se um caso de PCE em uma égua com nove meses de gestação com histórico de trauma no membro pélvico esquerdo que evoluiu para lesão ulcerativa granulomatosa com presença de "kunkers". Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica, seguida da cauterização e perfusão regional intravenosa (PRI) com 50 mg de anfotericina B (10 ml) diluído em solução dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) 10% (6 ml DMSO em 44 ml de Ringer com Lactato). Após 14 dias da intervenção cirúrgica, nova PRI foi realizada. O diagnóstico de PCE foi confirmado através da avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. A égua pariu um potro saudável após dois meses da intervenção cirúrgica e recebeu alta após a completa epitelização da ferida.

Equine cutaneous pythiosis (ECP) is a disease described throughout the Brazilian territory, however there is little information regarding the medical treatment and surgery in pregnant mares. We describe a case of ECP in a mare with nine months of gestation with a history of trauma to the left pelvic limb that evolved into ulcerative granulomatous lesion with presence of "kunkers". Surgical excision was performed, followed by cauterization and intravenous regional perfusion (IRP) with 50 mg amphotericin B (10 mL) solution diluted in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (6 mL DMSO in 44 ml of Ringer's lactate). 14 days after the surgery, a new IRP was performed. The diagnosis of ECP was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The mare gave birth to a healthy foal two months after the surgery and was discharged after complete epithelization of the wound.

Myelopathy associated with cervical epidural spinal metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma in two dogs / Mielopatia associada à metástase epidural cervical de carcinoma folicular-compacto de tireoide em dois cães

This case report describes the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in two dogs with myelopathy associated with metastasis of follicular-compact thyroid carcinoma. Microscopically, both primary neoplasms were characterized by polygonal cells arranged in follicles (occasionally filled with eosinophilic colloid-like material) or in sheets. The neoplastic cells had a moderately eosinophilic cytoplasm and there was moderate anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. Additionally, the neoplastic cells were positive for thyroglobulin on immunohistochemistry, confirming the follicular origin of both tumors. This is a very uncommon presentation of this pathological condition.

Este relato de caso descreve os achados clínicos, histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos em dois cães com mielopatia associada à metástase de carcinoma de tireoide. Microscopicamente, ambos os neoplasmas primários eram caracterizados por células poligonais arranjadas em folículos (ocasionalmente preenchidos por material eosinofílico semelhante a coloide) ou em folhetos. As células neoplásicas tinham moderado citoplasma eosinofílico e moderada anisocitose e anisocariose. Adicionalmente, as células neoplásicas foram positivas para tireoglobulina, confirmando a origem folicular dos tumores em ambos os cães. Essa é uma apresentação incomum dessa condição patológica.

Cutaneous, respiratory and hepatic aspergillosis in Brazilian white Pekin mallards (Anas platyrhynchos).

Aspergillosis is one of the most frequent mycosis affecting avian species. Here is reported an outbreak of aspergillosis affecting 60-day-old white Pekin mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). About 10% of animals in a lot of 200 mallards from a commercial husbandry presented respiratory disorders and skin lesions at slaughter. Three out of 13 animals sent to diagnosis showed, simultaneously, airsacculitis, lung and liver presenting white nodules with variable diameters and elevated, yellowish brown, crusted, multifocal skin lesions located at the base of the feather follicles in the breast. Histopathological examination of lung and liver samples revealed nodules of different sizes with small areas of necrosis surrounded by intense granulomatous inflammation and the presence of fungal hyphae. The skin samples showed dermatitis surrounding a severe necrotizing folliculitis, associated with fungal hyphae. Mycological evaluation of tissues allowed the isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus from the skin samples and Aspergillus flavus from lungs and liver samples. The application of quicklime (CaO) in the litter as part of the disinfection procedures could have contributed to the development of skin lesion in the mallards, predisposing the fungal installation in the damaged site. The occurrence of cutaneous lesions associated with A. fumigatus is a rare manifestation of aspergillosis in birds, and this appears to be the first case reported in white Pekin mallards.

Neoplasmas do sistema urinário em 113 cães / Neoplasms of the urinary system in 113 dogs

Foram revisados 4.723 protocolos de necropsias de cães realizadas entre janeiro de 1990 e julho de 2010 no LPV-UFSM. Os principais objetivos deste estudo retrospectivo foram determinar a prevalência e os tipos de neoplasmas que ocorreram no sistema urinário. Em 113 (2,4 por cento) dos cães necropsiados, foram diagnosticados 27 neoplasmas primários e 86 metastáticos ou como parte de tumores multicêntricos no sistema urinário. Dos neoplasmas primários, a grande maioria teve origem epitelial. Treze casos eram neoplasmas renais primários (0,27 por cento do total de cães necropsiados no período estudado). Cistadenocarcinoma/cistadenoma e o carcinoma de células renais foram os neoplasmas primários mais prevalentes no rim e o carcinoma de células de transição foi o mais prevalente na bexiga. Os neoplasmas metastáticos (64 casos) e multicêntricos (22 casos) que afetaram o sistema urinário foram os mais prevalentes (86 casos [76,1 por cento]), com predomínio mesenquimal. Destes, a grande maioria estava localizada no rim e, quanto ao tipo histológico, as metástases de neoplasmas mamários e o linfoma multicêntrico predominaram.

Necropsy reports from 4,723 dogs examined from January 1990 to July 2010 in the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, were surveyed. The main purposes of this retrospective study were to establish the prevalence and types of neoplasms of the urinary system in dogs. Neoplasms of the urinary system were present in 113 (2.4 percent) dogs. Twenty seven were primary neoplasms and 86 were metastatic or part of a multicentric tumor. The majority of the primary neoplasms were of epithelial origin. Thirteen dogs had primary renal neoplasms (prevalence of 0.27 percent over all dogs necropsied in the studied period). Cystadenocarcinoma/cystadenoma and renal cell carcinoma were the most prevalent primary renal neoplasms and transitional cell carcinoma was the most prevalent urinary bladder neoplasm. Metastatic (64 cases) or multicentric (22 cases) tumors affecting the urinary system were the most prevalent (86 cases [76.1 percent]). Among them, mesenchymal tumors were more common than epithelial tumors. Out of the 86 cases, most of them were localized in the kidney. Metastases of mammary tumors and multicentric lymphoma were the most prevalent histologic types.

Surto de listeriose sistêmica em chinchilas / Outbreak of systemic listeriosis in chinchillas

A listeriose é uma doença infecciosa que afeta uma grande variedade de espécies animais, causando septicemia, encefalite e aborto. As chinchilas são os animais mais susceptíveis à infecção sistêmica por Listeria monocytogenes. Este relato descreve um surto de listeriose sistêmica em uma criação de chinchilas da região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, onde cerca de 16 por cento das chinchilas morreram. Na necropsia, havia múltiplos focos brancos, pequenos e de distribuição aleatória nas superfícies capsular e de corte do fígado e aumento de volume do linfonodo hepático. Histologicamente, observaram-se hepatite necrossupurativa e linfadenite supurativa multifocais, com numerosos bacilos intralesionais. L. monocytogenes foi o agente etiológico do surto de listeriose sistêmica, sendo o diagnóstico confirmado por meio das lesões de necropsia e histopatológicas, das características fenotípicas e genotípicas da bactéria e da técnica de imuno-histoquímica.

Listeriosis is an infectious disease, which affects a variety of animal species and cause septicemia, encephalitis and abortion. Chinchillas are the most susceptible animals to the systemic infection by Listeria monocytogenes. This report describes an outbreak of systemic listeriosis in a farm of chinchillas in the Central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Mortality rate was about 16 percent. On necropsy, there were multiple random small white foci on the liver capsule and parenchyma and enlargement of the hepatic lymph node. Histologically, there were multifocal necro-suppurative hepatitis and suppurative lymphadenitis with numerous intralesional bacilli. L. monocytogenes was the etiology of the systemic listeriosis outbreak. The diagnosis was based on gross and microscopic lesions, genotypical and phenotypical characteristics and by immunohistochemistry technique.

Hepatic hemosiderosis in red-spectacled Amazons (Amazona pretrei) and correlation with nutritional aspects.

Alimentary habits of free-living Psittaciformes vary significantly among different species. Amazona pretrei is under risk of extinction and has very specific free-living dietary habits, which are based on Paraná pine seeds. Hemosiderosis is a pathologic process characterized by intracellular accumulation of iron without other evident lesions. It is associated with increased prevalence of infections, neoplasms, and hepatopathies. The purpose of this study was to quantify hepatic hemosiderin deposits in captive A. pretrei and verify their association with nutritional parameters. Liver samples were processed for histopathology and stained with Prussian blue. The sections were analyzed by computerized morphometry to quantify the hepatic hemosiderin deposits. The hepatic hemosiderosis rates showed positive correlation with age and time in captivity. These results suggest that the menus and commercial rations for Psittacidae must be carefully revised.

Choroid plexus carcinoma in a cow / Carcinoma de plexo coróide em um bovino

A red, firm 3.5x3.0x3.0cm mass was found within the right lateral ventricle, compressing the hippocampus and thalamus of the brain of a 4-year-old cow. The pituitary was enlarged and firm. Histologically, both the brain and pituitary masses consisted of moderately pleomorphic epithelial cells arranged as rosettes or sheets supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. Based on anatomical localization, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, a diagnosis of choroid plexus carcinoma with pituitary metastasis was made.

Um massa vermelha e firme de 3,5x3,0x3,0cm foi observada no ventrículo lateral, comprimindo o hipocampo e tálamo do cérebro de uma vaca de quatro anos de idade. A pituitária estava aumentada de volume e firme. Histologicamente, tanto a massa do cérebro, quanto da pituitária, consistiam de células epiteliais moderadamente pleomórficas, arranjadas em rosetas ou cordões e apoiadas em um delicado estroma fibrovascular. Com base na localização anatômica e nos achados histopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos, foi realizado um diagnóstico de carcinoma de plexo coróide com metástase para a pituitária.

Aspectos imunoistoquímicos da hepatite infecciosa canina / Immunohistochemical aspects of canine infectious hepatitis

Tecidos de 27 cães que morreram de hepatite infecciosa canina (HIC) foram avaliados por imunoistoquímica (IHQ) para detecção de antígeno de adenovírus canino tipo 1 (CAV-1), por meio de um anticorpo monoclonal. Os tecidos examinados incluíram fígado, rim, baço, linfonodos, tonsilas, pulmão, intestino delgado, encéfalo e medula óssea. Para cada órgão foram atribuídos graus crescentes (de leve a acentuada) de intensidade de imunomarcação. O antígeno de CAV-1 estava presente na maioria dos órgãos examinados, principalmente em células endoteliais. Relacionando o tempo de evolução clínica da HIC com a intensidade da imunomarcação, o maior número de casos com evolução clínica hiperaguda ou aguda coincidiu com a maior intensidade de marcação do antígeno viral. A IHQ demonstrou ser um teste adequado para a detecção do antígeno de CAV-1 e pode ser usado para o estudo da patogênese da doença.

Tissues from 27 dogs died from infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) were evaluated by immunohistochemestry (IHC) for detection of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) antigen using a monoclonal antibody. Evaluated tissues included liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, lungs, small intestine, brain, and spinal cord. For each organ increasing degrees (from mild to marked) of intensity of immune staining were ascribed. CAV-1 was detected in most of the evaluated organs, mainly in the endothelial cells. Considering the clinical course of ICH and the intensity of IHC staining, cases with acute and peracute courses had more marked staining. IHC proved to be a reliable test for CAV-1 antigen detection and can be used for pathogenesis studies on ICH either in the spontaneous and experimental disease.

Aspectos patológicos de 155 casos fatais de cães atropelados por veículos automotivos / Pathological aspects of 155 fatal cases of dogs victimized by motor vehicles accidents

O atropelamento por veículos automotivos contribui significativamente para as estatísticas de morte em cães. Entretanto, há poucos estudos sobre os aspectos patológicos reportados na literatura. Este artigo descreve 155 casos fatais de atropelamento por veículos automotivos em cães. Dos 155 cães atropelados, em 138 (89,0 por cento) havia lesões que explicavam a morte ou a razão para a eutanásia desses cães. Essas lesões incluíram traumatismo espinhal-medular (43 [27,7 por cento]), ruptura de órgãos parenquimatosos (40 [25,8 por cento]), traumatismo cranioencefálico (28 [18,1 por cento]), ruptura de órgãos ocos (16 [10,3 por cento]), fratura de costelas com laceração de órgãos parenquimatosos (15 [9,7 por cento]) e ruptura de diafragma com deslocamento de vísceras abdominais para a cavidade torácica (10 [6,4 por cento]).

Motor vehicle-related trauma significantly contributes to death statistics of dogs. There are however few documented reports on the pathological aspects of such cases. This paper describes 155 fatal cases of dogs victimized by motor vehicle accidents. In 138 (89.0 percent) of the 155 dogs hit by motor vehicles there were lesions that could explain the death or reason for these dogs being euthanatized. These lesions included vertebrospinal trauma (43 [27.7 percent]), rupture of parenchymal organs (40 [25.8 percent]), cranioencephalic trauma (28 [18.1 percent]), rupture of hollow organs (16 [10.3 percent]), rib fracture with subsequent laceration of parenchymal organs (15 [9.7 percent]), and diaphragmatic rupture with displacement of abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity (10 [6.4 percent]).

Intoxicação em ovinos por Nierembergia veitchii: observações em quatro surtos / Poisoning in sheep by Nierembergia veitchii: observations in four outbreaks

Foram observados casos de morte súbita e doença crônica e caquetizante em ovinos provenientes de quatro rebanhos localizados em três municípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, entre junho de 2001 e maio de 2006. De uma população total sob risco de 460 ovinos, 43 foram afetados, 29 morreram espontaneamente e 10 foram eutanasiados. Treze ovinos, provenientes dos Surtos 1 e 4, apresentaram morte súbita e grande quantidade de espuma branca na cavidade nasal e oral e 30 ovinos, provenientes dos Surtos 2 e 3, apresentaram doença crônica com perda de peso, relutância em se movimentar, andar rígido, abdômen retraído e cifose. Doze ovinos foram necropsiados. Lesões de necropsia incluíam má condição da carcaça, com depleção dos depósitos de gordura, e mineralização de vários tecidos. Havia evidente rigidez das grandes artérias, que apresentavam superfície intimal irregular e dura, com múltiplas placas irregulares brancas e opacas. Areas semelhantes de mineralização também eram observadas no endocárdio valvar ou mural, nas serosas uterina, omasal, ruminal e reticular e no parênquima renal. Em seis ovinos havia moderado a acentuado edema pulmonar e em sete ovinos havia áreas multifocais ou coalescentes, brancas e duras, na superfície subpleural dos pulmões. Histologicamente havia mineralização sistêmica dos tecidos, caracterizada por fina granulação basofílica em vários órgãos. Nas artérias, a mineralização era observada principalmente na túnica média e freqüentemente havia proliferação intimal e ocasional metaplasia condróide ou óssea da média. Em sete ovinos foi observada mineralização dos vasos da rete mirabile carotídea. No miocárdio e no pulmão, podiam ser observados focos de calcificação e metaplasia óssea em cardiomiócitos e septos alveolares, respectivamente. Em cada uma das propriedades onde ocorreram os casos havia infestação da pastagem por Nierembergia veitchii.

Sudden death and chronic disease were observed in sheep from four herds in three cities from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between June 2001 and May 2006. From a total population at risk of 460 sheep of various ages 43 were affected, 29 died spontaneously and 10 were euthanatized. Thirteen sheep from outbreaks 1 and 4 had sudden death with large amount of froth in oral and nasal cavities; thirty sheep from outbreaks 2 and 3 had a chronic course of loss of weight, reluctance to move, stiff gait, tucked abdomen and kyphosis. A total of 12 sheep were necropsied. Gross changes included poor body condition with depletion of fat deposits and mineralization of several tissues. The large arteries were rigid and had a hard and irregular intimal surface due to irregular prominent whitish opaque plaques. Mineralization was also observed in valvar and mural endocardium and in the uterine, omasal, ruminal and reticular serosa and in the renal parenchyma. Moderate to severe lung edema was observed in six sheep and multifocal to coalescing hard white areas were observed in the subpleural lung parenchyma of seven sheep. Histologically there was systemic tissue mineralization characterized by fine basophilic granules deposited in several tissues. In the arteries mineralization was mainly in the subintimal media and frequently there was intimal proliferation and occasional chondroid and osseous metaplasia of the media. Mineralization of the carotid rete mirabile was observed in seven cases. Foci of mineralization and osseous metaplasia were also observed in the myocardium and alveolar septa. In each of the farms where the outbreaks occurred Nierembergia veitchii was found in the pastures.